Corporate finance 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Corporate money 2 - Essay Example Last yet not the least the third gathering commends enormous profits as positive sign to investors that everything is great. So where does the cutting edge investor fulfillment remain comparable to profit approaches? Another inquiry which identifies with this conversation is the way flagging models endeavor to clarify the extent of value held by a business visionary, the kind of financing utilized for a venture and the measure of value gave or repurchased. The issue at that point relates to data asymmetry (accessibility of information).Firstly on the off chance that we take a gander at Dividend approach it was all around put by Black 1976 (refered to by Frankfurter 2002), â€Å"That the almost all inclusive strategy of delivering significant profits is the essential riddle in the financial matters of corporate finance.† Thus the recommendation drives us to the question whether investors ought to be delivered adequate profits whether they are making sizeable benefits on the securities exchange. In the course of the last 50 years scholastics have spoken in extraordinary profundity over this issue and recommended clashing hypothetical structures to clarify their place of view.(Frankfurter 2002).The issue is that these attestations regularly need exact profundity to the analysis and unearth self inconsistencies trying to clarify corporate profit behaviour.(Frankfurter 2002).Today scholarly feeling is partitioned regarding whether pr ofits are appealing to investors and will have a positive effect in stock prices.(Frankfurter 2002 )Another way of thinking battles that costs are contrarily connected with profit payout levels.(Frankfurter 2002).The third view is that firm profit arrangement is immaterial in stock value valuation. (Wiener 2002).My paper will talk about and attempt to accommodate every one of these perspectives towards a superior hypothesis and comprehension of this issue.These sees are best summarized as being based upon,the charge impact ( Litzenberger and Ramaswamy

Garlic and Herbal Medicine free essay sample

Goals: a. Characterize and clarify the significance of home grown medication b. Depict the physical qualities, how it is planted and developed, its uses, and the synthetic compounds/substance of garlic c. Depict the elements of garlic as a home grown medication d. Show how to get ready garlic for restorative use e. Recognize the distinctive home grown drugs and the favorable circumstances and disservices of utilizing them Herbal medication is utilizing of plant’s seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or blossoms for therapeutic purposes as it is characterized. It is likewise called herbal medication or phytomedicine. In our present reality, the utilization of physician endorsed drugs are currently more typical than the utilization of the customary natural medication. But since of the expanding cost of medications, the Department of Health advocates the utilization of locally accessible medication. In the Philippines, there are ten (10) home grown plants that have been seen as viable in the treatment of normal diseases. We will compose a custom paper test on Garlic and Herbal Medicine or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page These home grown plants are the Lagundi, Yerba (Hierba) Buena, Sambong, Tsaang Gubat, Niyug-Niyogan, Bayabas/Guava, Akapulko, Pansit-pansitan, Ampalaya and Bawang/Garlic. Bawang/Garlic (Allium Sativum) is portrayed as a plant with straight and level leaves gathered toward the finish of a long tail. What's more, this tail ascends from an underground bulb that is extensively ovoid, 2 to 4 cm in distance across, made up of bulblets ordinarily called cloves. Garlic is become effectively just by planting singular cloves in the ground. Garlic plants can be developed near one another, leaving sufficient space for the bulbs to develop and they can be additionally developed in compartments giving adequate profundity. As we as a whole know, garlic is famous for its culinary purposes as a flavoring or as a topping and we are likewise mindful of its therapeutic purposes, for example, for hypertension, toothache and for the bringing down of cholesterol levels in blood. Also, as indicated by some examination, garlic is currently used to forestall specific kinds of malignant growths, including stomach and colon diseases. Synthetic substance of garlic are at any rate 33 sulfur mixes like aliin, allicin, ajoene, allylpropl, diallyl, trisulfide, sallylcysteine, vinyldithiines, S-allylmercaptocystein, and others. Other than these sulfur mixes which are liable for its impactful scent and huge numbers of its therapeutic impacts, it additionally contains 17 amino acids and minerals, for example, selenium and proteins like allinase, peroxidases, myrosinase, and so on. Readiness: May be singed, cooked, splashed, or whitened. * Blanching garlic * Put wanted measure of garlic in a pot and spread with water * Bring water to a bubble for 5 minutes * Strain garlic * Frying garlic * Heat the oil in the griddle * Put the cut garlic * Fry delicately for about a moment or when it turned brilliant earthy colored * Roasting garlic Preheat the stove to 400Â °F * Peel away the external layers of the garlic bulb skin, leaving the skins of the individual cloves unblemished. Utilizing a blade, cut off 1/4 to a 1/2 inch of the highest point of cloves, uncovering the individual cloves of garlic * Place the garlic heads in a preparing container or biscuit skillet. Sprinkle two or three teaspoons of olive oil over e ach head. Spread with aluminum foil. Prepare at 400Â °F for 30-35 minutes, or until the cloves feel delicate when squeezed * Soaking garlic * Soak new , entire garlic cloves in vinegar for 30 minutes Take two pieces three times each day after dinners

Ultimate Guide to Paleo Diet

Ultimate Guide to Paleo Diet These days, it appears that more and more people are becoming more concerned about being healthy and not simply being lean by losing weight. Losing weight can be done in various ways, the most recommended of which is working out at the gym or engaging in sports and other physical activities. Combine that with a balanced diet, and you can be sure to lose weight, be fit, and get the body you want.The types of diets are becoming diverse, with so many diet and food programs cropping up left, right and center, claiming to be the “best” and “most effective” weight loss and health programs. These diet programs quickly become popular trends, but many of them also end up fizzling out quickly, joining the heap of “diet fads” that seemed to work at first, but do not really last long enough to take a permanent hold in the consciousness of the public. This could be because they aren’t really as effective as they claimed to be, or some other food program or diet plan has emerged to t ake its place in the rankings.Weight loss is no longer the only reason why diets are getting the amount of attention that they are getting. In addition to looking slim and flexibility while being able to fit in smaller-size clothes, good health and long life are slowly becoming bigger concerns. People now take these into consideration when choosing the type of diet to follow.South Beach Diet, Atkins Diet, DASH Diet, Jenny Craig Diet, Weight Watchers Diet, Mediterranean Diet… these are only a few of the most popular and enduring food programs today. However, there is another diet that has been around for quite a while now, and is still getting a lot of support from health buffs and medical professionals. We can comfortably say that this diet has stood the test of time. It is the Paleo Diet. © Shutterstock | MaraZeIn this guide, we explain 1) what is the Paleo Diet, 2) what are the Paleo principles, 3) pros and cons, and 4) what to eat and what not according to the Paleo Diet.WHAT IS PALEO?You’ve probably heard of the Caveman Diet and the Stone Age Diet. These are actually one and the same, and are simply alternative names for what is known as the Paleo Diet. But what is Paleo?The more complete and accurate name for Paleo is actually “Paleolithic diet”, in reference to the prehistoric era when cavemen, or Paleolithic humans, lived. It was called as such because it operated on the premise that you should eat what our ancestors â€" the cavemen during the Stone Age â€" ate. That is why we also often hear Paleo being described as the “hunter-gatherer” diet.The origins of the Paleo diet can be traced to the growing awareness that the current diets, particularly in first-world countries, are seen as the main culprits in many health and medical problems, such as obes ity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis, and various types of cancer.These â€" heart diseases and Type 2 diabetes, in particular â€" have become referred to as “diseases of civilization” or “lifestyle diseases”, because they became more prevalent as modern age was ushered in and the Stone Age was left behind. They are also mostly traceable back to how one leads his lifestyle, specifically the components of the western diet that he mostly follows.As such, many diets are focusing on cutting down or regulating one’s calorie intake and increasing the consumption of specific foods that provide specific nutritional components. Still, some of these do not seem to be enough, and the high number of contradictions tends to confuse us even more. Paleo is gaining a lot of ground, because it encourages us to go “back to the basics”, or go back to the beginning. The lifestyle diseases that are now very common were non-existent   during the Stone Age, and this is the ins piration that advocates of the Paleo diet are going with.From the little that we know about people back then, we know that the average Stone Age man was tall, agile, athletic, muscular, and healthy. This is not something that we can say for the average man during this modern day and age, where this or that disease is a threat, and they are under a lot of stress and sleep deprivation.They took a look at what the people during the Paleolithic era ate, how they lived and the activities they were engaged in. People back then didn’t have junk food, pasta or processed foods. Regardless of this, they lived long, fit and healthy lives. So why not do the same today?PRINCIPLES OF PALEOThe primary claim of Paleo is a healthier and disease-free life, since it focuses on the prevention and control of many chronic degenerative diseases. In addition, it is also recommended for weight loss and the maintenance of a lean body after weight loss as long as you implement a balance between your food pl an, calorie intake, and physical exercise. Keep in mind, however, that weight loss is not really the goal of Paleo. Improved overall health is.The core principles of paleo can be summed up in one sentence: “eat what the cavemen ate, and avoid what they didn’t.” It’s as simple as that. Take note that the Stone Age era was way before agriculture and modern techniques in farming were introduced, so the food products that were produced through these techniques are excluded from the food list.To this end, we can further simplify Paleo as going without grains, sugar, and processed foods. This will be discussed in more detail later in this article. One thing that must be made clear, however: Paleo is not the diet alone, although it cannot be denied that it gained popularity because of its diet and food plans. Paleo, as a whole, refers to a lifestyle that has been in existence from way back during the prehistoric times. It is only in recent years that it is being taken seriously. On e integral part of this lifestyle is the diet, which we will be looking into in the succeeding discussion.PROS AND CONS OF PALEOIt may help you to understand Paleo further if we take a look at its noted advantages and disadvantages.Advantages+ Easy to follow. The specific dos and don’ts are laid out, all you have to do is to follow them. The foods to avoid and foods to eat are clear, and so are the restrictions.+ Helps weight loss. This is due to its “no sugar” characteristic. Yes, going Paleo means almost completely eliminating sugar from your food list. Sugar, or glucose, is a source of energy and a component that we actually need in order for our body to function. However, natural sugars, particularly those from fruits, are recommended. Unfortunately, we get sugar from other sources, and often in excessive amounts too. Intake of too much sugar can cause an energy spike, since it has to be processed by the body immediately. Otherwise, these sugars will turn to fat that is st ored under the skin. With no sugar on your diet, your weight loss regimen is aided.+ Does not limit meat. People who love to eat meat need not be concerned about completely cutting it out of their diets. They can still enjoy meat; after all, the hunter-gatherers during prehistoric times ate meat too, didn’t they?Disadvantages Expensive. Most of the popular diets cost money if followed strictly, and it is no different with Paleo. In fact, it is quite pricey, since they mostly focus on produce and meat, and these do not come cheap, especially if they are unprocessed. Removes grains. Paleo eliminates grains from the diet, which can be a bummer to many people. However, it is a fact that grains are composed mainly of carbohydrates that are turned into glucose which may, in turn, be stored as fat if not used by the body for energy. Again, we will look into grains further later. Say goodbye to (some) dairy. Are you the type that loves processed milk and dairy products such as cheese? The n you’ll be sorry to hear that going Paleo means giving up on dairy as well. This may be a little hard, especially for those who literally grew up having these for breakfast. Requires a lot of discipline. Aside from following the food plan, you have to combine it with exercise and physical activity â€" just like how people lived during the Stone Age.PALEO FOOD PALEO DIETNow it is time to take a closer look at the foods that you should include in your Paleo diet. Of course, it is equally important to identify those that you have to avoid.What To EatThe key point to remember when picking foods to add on your Paleo food list is that they must be unprocessed (or, even if they have undergone processing, only at a minimal, barely significant rate) and they must also occur naturally.MeatsYes, the carnivore in you can breathe easy, because you can still enjoy meats and get your animal protein fix in Paleo. However, you have to be mindful of the meats that you eat.You must choose meat fro m livestock that has been fed with grass, instead of grains. Why? Because eating grain-fed meats is an indirect way of consuming grains, and we have already established that grains are an absolute no-no in Paleo. It wouldn’t hurt to do some research on whether the meats are obtained from pasture-raised animals, since these are the ones that are most likely to be grass-fed.Aside from red meat and pork, you may also include animal organs such as liver and kidney in your Paleo meal plan. Meats from poultry or fowls, such as free range chicken, turkey and duck, are also great choices. If you are going to be eating chicken, look for ones that are derived from free range chicken.[slideshare id=58550973doc=thelazypeoplewaytopaleodiet-160222115014type=dw=640h=330]SeafoodSeafood is another excellent source of animal protein. As the name implies, stick to those that actually came from the sea, instead of “farmed seafood”, or those that have been raised in a cultured and controlled envir onment such as fishponds. These controlled environments often make use of some substances that are potentially toxic to the farmed seafood andby extension, to the one that consumes them.Wild fish, or fish caught directly from the ocean, is preferred.Shellfish, also preferably caught in the wild.Fruits, nuts and seedsLook at most other types of diets, and fruits are sure to be present. This is because they are excellent sources of natural sugar, which is the best type of sugar. However, try to stick with the fruits that have low sugar content. Berries are also highly recommended because of their antioxidant properties.If you are trying the Paleo diet with the ultimate goal of losing weight, you will have to regulate your fruit intake. Remember, too much sugar â€" even if it is the natural and the best kind â€" will still not be good if you want to keep excess fats at bay.It is also all right to include nuts and seeds in your list, but consume in moderation. If your goal is to lose we ight, however, you should just eliminate nuts altogether. In fact, peanuts should be avoided entirely.VegetablesJust like fruits, vegetables are also staples in almost every diet program. The great thing about them is that you can basically go all-out with them, since they are rich in nutrients that your body needs.Still, you have to be careful when choosing the types of vegetables you eat, paying particular attention to how it is served or cooked. Deep-fried vegetables are not ideal since they may be steeped in too much oil and the deep-frying process can easily remove all those nutrients that you wanted to get in the first place.Root vegetables and tubers also fall under this category. Undoubtedly, one of the most known tubers is the sweet potato, which is also recognized as one of the best sources of natural carbohydrates and starch. Yams are not far behind on the list.Natural oils and fatsBelieve it or not, paleo does not shun fats. In fact, it encourages high fat levels, but we are not talking about just any kind of fat. It must be the good kind of fat, or saturated fats and natural fats.“Natural” being the operative word, choose the oils that are sourced from natural and unprocessed foods. Excellent examples are olive oil, avocado oil, coconut oil, fish oil, flaxseed oil and macadamia oil.Saturated fats are obtained from coconut oil, as well as butter. (Butter, but not margarine.) So, yes, some processed dairy products are acceptable. Animal fat is not frowned on, either, provided that it comes from grass-fed animals that are healthy and raised and treated well. Examples are lard, duck fat, and beef tallow.Be careful and watch out for the following:Some of these oils may have undergone a lot of processing, thus stripping them of their natural properties.Beware of hydrogenated and semi-hydrogenated vegetable oils, as they have undergone processing. Examples are canola oil, corn oil, soybean oil, and sunflower oil.Take note of the usage of the oils. So me are meant for cooking while others are for drizzling only or for mixing with dressings and dips. Examples are avocado oil and olive oil.EggsIn the same way some butters are allowed in the paleo diet, eggs also are allowed. Again, the eggs should be produced by free-range poultry in order for it to be Paleo-compliant.What Not To EatThe first impression that newbies have about paleo is that all carbs are bad. That is not the case, because Paleo still recognizes the importance of carbs for the body. However, there are certain considerations, such as the type of carb (or, more specifically, its source) and the amount of carb intake.Paleo gives a nod to carbs obtained from vegetables and fruits, and a popular favorite is the sweet potato. Therefore, going Paleo does not mean eliminating carbs completely from your food list.Here are the other food items that you should also avoid eating (because, hey, our ancestors who lived in caves certainly avoided them as well!).Cereals and grainsA s mentioned earlier, grains are very rich in carbohydrates. We all know that carbohydrates are sources of energy for the body once they have been transformed into glucose, which is a type of sugar. Excess fats, which lead to obesity, come from any unused glucose. This means that, with the intake of grains, there are higher chances of fat being accumulated in the body.Grains are also known for containing gluten, a type of protein that most people develop an intolerance against, leading them to suffer conditions such as joint pains, acid reflux, and even reproductive problems.Lectins, which are natural toxins that can damage the gastrointestinal tract, is also abundant in many types of grains.Avoid these grains: barley, corn, wheat, oats, rye and brown rice. This may be confusing, especially at the beginning, for those who have tried other diets beforehand, particularly those that incorporate wheat in the diet. But in Paleo, grains are to be avoided.LegumesJust like cereals and grains , legumes must be cut out from your diet. These include, but are not limited to black-eyed peas, kidney beans, navy beans, pinto beans, and soy.Dairy productsExcept for some butters, remove all dairy products from your food list. This is often a confusing aspect of Paleo, since some dairy products are good while others simply have no place in your Paleo diet. For one thing, dairy has high carbohydrate content and the lactose they contain are also identified as causes of weight problems, issues on insulin control and certain conditions such as Crohn’s disease.Not all dairy are bad, however. If you cannot completely cut out milk or yogurt, look for the full-fat or fermented products or, better yet, raw milk from pasture-fed animals.Fruit juices and sodasThese contain, in abundance, the sugar that we want so much to avoid: refined sugars.Packaged snacks and treatsAgain, these foods include refined sugars and artificial sweeteners, not to mention a lot of sodium and salt. These are al so sure to have undergone a lot of processing, which makes them unhealthy in Paleo’s standards.While it is true that Paleo may seem like it has a lot of restrictions, it still leaves a wide room for you to move around. There are still a lot of food choices that you can go through when creating your Paleo food list and, best of all, you will still enjoy good food while looking out for your health and well-being.

Learn German Nouns with -er Endings

There are several different ways to make a noun plural in German. One way is to add -er at the end of the noun and change the article to  die. Nouns that go plural with –er are mostly masculine or neuter when singular. There may also be some umlaut changes, which is something youll just have to memorize.   For example: das Kind  (singular),  die Kinder (plural) Die Mutter liebt ihr Kind. (The mother loves her child.) Die Mutter liebt ihre Kinder. (The mother loves her children.)   Heres another example:   das Buch (the book),   die Bà ¼cher (the books) Er liest das Buch. (He reads the book.)   Er liest die Bà ¼cher.  (He reads the books.) The -ern Ending in German The only time a different plural ending is added  is during the dative. In this case, the noun always adds an -ern ending. See the chart below for a summary of this plural group in all cases. Plural Nouns With –er Endings Case Singular Plural nom.acc.dat.gen. der Mann (the man)den Manndem Manndes Mann die Mnnerdie Mnnerden Mnnernder Mnner nom.acc.dat.gen. das Kind (the child)das Kinddem Kinddes Kindes die Kinderdie Kinderden Kindernder Kinder

Analysis Of The Scarlet Letter - 1840 Words

We are all sinners. Although one may try hard not to sin, all humans eventually succumb at some time or another to sin. While people may not able to avoid the fate which awaits them, the power of free will allows people to decide how they will respond to sin. While some may respond with guilt and regret, others may react with a sense of redemption and a renewed sense of responsibility. Nathanial Hawthorne, an American author during the 19th century witnessed the power of sin to wreak havoc not only to an individual but a whole community. His novel The Scarlet Letter expresses this very idea by exposing the follies of mankind and the potentially detrimental effects of sin trough Hester Prynne, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth who all affected by sin in different ways. Utilizing powerful symbols and light/dark imagery, Hawthorne conveys to the readers, through these characters, the power of how one’s response to sin can positively change an individual or gradually destroy one by spreading like a contagious disease and ultimately consuming the victim. Through Hester and the symbol of the scarlet letter, Hawthorne reveals how sin can be utilized to change a person for the better, in allowing for responsibility, forgiveness, and a renewed sense of pride. In a Puritan society that strongly condemns adultery one would expect Hester to leave society and never to return again, but that does not happen. Instead, Hester says, â€Å"Here†¦had been the scene of herShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Scarlet Letter 972 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of The Black Man In The Scarlet Letter Symbolism is the practice of representing things by symbols, or of investing things with a symbolic meaning or character. In the novel â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, symbolism is the main feature of the story. Symbolism is used throughout the novel to describe every object in the story from the characters to the rosebush to the scarlet letter itself. One of the major symbols in â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† is the black man, who can not only beRead MoreScarlet Letter Character Analysis1081 Words   |  5 Pagesliterary works, which is expressed throughout Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter. Pearl being an outcast from the rigid Puritan morals, and Hesters being independent and strong-willed challenges traditional society. These aspects all mirror the authors emotions and hardships of his early life through the literary element of characterization. Through the analysis of the main characters Hester and Pearl, we see how The Scarlet Letter is a reflection of Hawthornes life, and how the struggles and feelingsRead MorePsychoanalytic Analysis : The Scarlet Letter 1354 Words   |  6 PagesPsychoanalytical Analysis Throughout The Scarlet Letter there are many Freudian symbolisms that can be found scattered throughout this American classic. In nearly every chapter there is at least one reference to a phallic or yonic symbols to demonstrate the longing for a male figure in both Pearl and Hester’s life, and the symbolism to depict the shift from id to ego. One of the earlier metaphors to symbolize Hester’s suppression is the scaffold that she stands upon in the first chapter of theRead MoreAnalysis Of The From The Scarlet Letter 959 Words   |  4 PagesComposition: Analysis – Chapter Nine, â€Å"The Leech† from the Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most iconic books in history; its storyline, theme and literal characters have made an impact on the world of literature for hundreds of years. What stands out the most in the book is the use of archaic diction and figurative language, which serve to paint vivid, descriptive pictures of each character, specifically, Roger Chillingworth. In chapter nine of The Scarlet Letter, ‘TheRead MoreAnalysis Of The Scarlet Letter 1310 Words   |  6 Pages The characters in the Scarlet Letter are judged greatly through how and who they are able and unable to forgive. Such as the main female lead, Hester Prynne, and her struggle for the town to forgive her, finding the will to forgive herself and having God forgive her. Although, this was hard because every day she had to live with the scarlet letter upon her chest as a reminder of her sin. Another character that had one of the roughest times in the novel was Arthur Dimmesdale. This man kept a sinRead MoreAnalysis Of The Scarlet Letter 1645 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Scarlet Letter a young woman named Hester is criticized and mocked for having a young girl from an adulterous act with a sneaky pastor. The young girl will be named Pearl (named Pearl for having cost a great price). Throughout the novel as the characters develop and change the plot of the story develops into a riveting climax and an end no one could have imagined. Within the novel there are five major scenes that build up to the dramatic ending of The Scarlet Letter. The scenes in order areRead MoreAnalysis Of The Scarlet Letter 963 Words   |  4 Pagesare the source of them is the way to redemption. In the novel The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a Puritan woman named Hester Prynne commits the crime of adultery with the reverend of the town and bears a child from this unlawful union. Hester faces punishment in the form of a large scarlet letter â€Å"A† that she must wear upon her bosom so that all may know the sin of infidelity she has committed. In The Scarlet Letter, the evolvement and fate of the character of Hester Prynne demonstratesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Scarlet Letter 1234 Words   |  5 PagesNadia Innab Mrs. Mogilefsky English 3 AP 31 August 2015 The Scarlet Letter Questions 1. One of the author’s purposes in delivering this literary piece to the public is to expose the hypocrisy of society. For example, when Hester chooses to accept her Scarlet Letter instead of wear it with shame, society looks at her as if there was something wrong with her conscience. Hawthorne states, â€Å"This morbid meddling of conscience with an immaterial matter betokened, is to be feared, no genuine and steadfastRead MoreAnalysis Of The Scarlet Letter 1610 Words   |  7 Pagesthat the mysterious ailment afflicting the minister is connected to her mother’s sin. -The townspeople do not see the obvious connection between Dimmesdale and Hester have even though they both are affected by the same place on the body (The scarlet letter on the heart and Dimmesdale hand over his heart). -Pearl connect Dimmesdale to the â€Å"Black Man† who is the devil, to show he has sinned -The townspeople ignore the obvious connection between Dimmesdale s declining health and Hester’s sin becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Scarlet Letter 1233 Words   |  5 PagesKyle Cho Mr. Ertman AP Lit Per.4 2 November 2015 In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s time-honored novel, The Scarlet Letter, the relationship between Pearl and her biological father, Arthur Dimmesdale, changes from that of unfamiliarity and fear to one of love and acceptance. Throughout most of the novel, Dimmesdale is unable to face Pearl without being reminded of his sin and he becomes estranged to his own child. As a result, Pearl lacks a true connection with her father which becomes a detriment to her

Toy Industry in India Free Essays

The r eport details the specifics of the global toy industry and the Indian perspective. The study also studies the trends, futur e growth patterns and challenges for the industry. For objectivity, and assessing consumer and market sentiments, two case analyses have also been presented from various major stores in Mumbai. We will write a custom essay sample on Toy Industry in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now Submitted to: Prof. Pramod Shetty Date: 23rd August 2010 1 KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies Research Toy Industry : Present and the Future 2010 ACKNOWLEDGMEN TAt the very outset, we would like to thank the management of ‘Hamley’s’, ‘Landmark Store’, ‘Mother and Me Store’ for helping us with various inputs during the research and allowing us to interact with the customers. Further, we would like to take this opportunity to thank Prof. Pramod Shetty for all his help and support during the research. This project would not have been realized without him. The Research Team Vaibhav Agrawal Meenal Dubey Rutuja Kshirsagar Akankssha Gupta Abhishek Sehgal Kavita Singh PGA Roll #6 PGA Roll #16 PGA Roll #26 PGA Roll #36 PGA Roll #46 PGA Roll #56 KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies Research Toy Industry : Present and the Future 2010Welcome to the colorful world of teddy bears, singing dolls, miniature pianos that play nursery rhymes, battery operated cars and stuffed dogs and rabbits that walk, talk and shake hands. In one word: Toys. Toy merchants of yester years gave shape to the creative fancies and dreams of young ones and growups alike. The world market has seen various upheavals due to changing consumer preferences, new fads, technological advances and trade liberalization. Countries like China have marveled the world with their low ost manufacturing expertise while at the same time astonished them with their quick imitation, leading all the gigantic players of the world to act on their feet and formulate strategies to countera ttack them and safeguard their shares. India too has seen a shift in focus from traditional board games like Chess (Shatranj) and Ludo (Paasa) and sports like cricket to video games and consoles, puzzles, and Monopoly. The traditionally scattered market has shown signs of consolidation with the entry of companies like Reliance ADAG and Mahindra Mahindra who are both expanding the market and adding sheen to it. India as a developing economy is a hotspot for MNCs like Mattel and Hasbro which have now become household names with Barbie and Monopoly respectively. Big retailers of the world which exclusively cater to this segment include Toys R Us and Hamley’s, which house the best brands of the world and add a service dimension to toys. This document discusses the various classes of toys, the current global scenario for toys, how China has affected the global toy industry, India’s market and its growth prospects. CATEGORIZATION Toys and games can fall in one of four general categories:1.Traditional toys: the category is essentially stagnant with 6296 manufacturers and the growth being consistent over the years. In 2007 revenues were $21. 2. billion (US Market) and $22. 3 billion in 2006. It includes: – Action Figures Accessories (G. I. Joes) – Building Sets (Lego Sets) – Dolls (Barbies) – Games Puzzles (Monopoly) – Plush (Soft Toys) – Vehicles (HotWheels) 2. Video games: one of the fastest growing segments with revenues of $18. 9 billion which is 51,2% higher than its 2006 revenues. It includes:- Youth Electronics (PS2, X-Box) – Gaming Parlours (Jammin, TimeZone) 3.Casino Games: Slot machines were introduced by casino games manufacturers which have ultimately benefitted the video game industry. Mostly offered by hotels. 4 KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies Research Toy Industry : Present and the Future 2010 4. Accessories and Others: Includes traditional games including sports items and educational toys for infants, which is also a fast growing industry GLOBAL SCENARIO The US, China and Japan rank among the top 3 countries in terms of toy sales worldwide; their sales being US$21. 5 billion, US$4. 9 billion, and US$5. billion respectively. Other countries with a significant toy sector include Germany, Brazil, France, India, Australia and Canada. Though the recession influenced toy sales, the sector did witness growth of about 3. 6% with sales reaching $80 billion. The world’s largest toy manufacturer and exporter – China makes 2/3 of the world’s toys; the export value of Chinese toys in 2009 was US$7. 8 billion. Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Shandong are the foremost production and export bases for toys in China, accounting for more than 90% of the annual sales of Chinese toys. Chinas plush toys enjoy a large share of the total sales in European American market. But the low prices are also responsible for a low profit margin. However it entails high labor costs and therefore manufacturing costs are pretty high. Wooden toys also have a significant share of 10% and plastic toys are suffering due to the continuously rising price of raw materials, quality and safety issues, etc. China’s intellectual toys too have a broad prospect, but relevant standards need to be released so as to guarantee the healthy development of the market.In 2009, in pace with the upgrading of technology, the toy export industry has witnessed several changes: developed countries have diverted their demands of toys to toys such as adult toys, high-tech electric toys, intellectual educational toys from traditional medium and low-grade products like plastic toys and stuffed toys. Electric toys and online toys produced with high new technology have become the new development orient ation. MAJOR PLAYERS WORLDWIDE ? Mattel Inc. :- Mattel sells products under a host of well-known brand names such as Barbie, Matchbox, Fischer Price, and Hot Wheels.Hasbro :- Produces popular board games such as Clue, Monopoly, and Scrabble. Its other products include the Transformers, Mr. Potato Head, Play Doh as well as licensing agreements with brands such asStar Wars and Marvel. JAKKS Pacific:- Produces traditional toys under licenses for brands such as Cabbage Patch Kids, Care Bears, andHannah Montana, a particularly big earner for JAKKS in 2007. Other big names include Russ Berrie and Company, RC2, Action Products International and Corgi International. ? ? ? KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies Research Toy Industry : Present and the Future 2010 2009 (Million $) $25,000. 00 $20,000. 00 $15,000. 00 $10,000. 00 $5,000. 00 2009 (Million $) $0. 00 Together, Mattel Inc. and Hasbro Inc. have less than 40% of the market, which analysts expect will grow at a compound rate of roughly 2% annually. INDIAN SCENARIO Currently there are about 800 Indian games and toy manufacturers, exporters and suppliers in the small sector of India, with a turnover nearly $2. 5 billion.This includes manufacturers of electronic toys, soft toys, educational games, toy cars, rattles, dolls, plush toys, computer games, brain teasers, children puzzles etc. The total toys and games market in India stands at around Rs. 2500 crore, of which Rs. 250 crore is in Chennai. Total Market Size: Market Structure: Rs. 2500 crore 35% Organized Sector, 65% Unorganised Sector Duties and Taxes: Excise Duty: 12. 5% CST(Central Sales Tax): 4% Global Export Contribution: Governing Body: 0. 4% Toys Association of India (TAI)Compared to European and American games and toy markets, Indian toy volumes are very low, mainly because toy buying is a relatively urban phenomenon. Most toy manufacturers are from the unorganised sector, who in turn sell their toys and games to big traders who market these toys. The total export market for toys and games is around Rs. 18 crore. The export volumes are low because of the quality norms abroad. Manufactured toys for export have to conform to EN 71 norms, the European standards. The toys have to be non-toxic and safe to sell abroad. KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies Research Toy Industry : Present and the Future 2010 Mattel, Lego and Funskool are three of the major players in the Indian toy industry. The toys and games available in India are a mix of both fun toys and educational tools. They include dolls, puzzles, electronic games, handmade toys, soft toys, board games, computer games etc. Indian wooden toys are of good quality and comparable to international standards. The demand for fun toys is greater than that of educational toys since parents usually prefer buying educational toys for their children.MAJOR I NDIAN PLAYERS Zapak Games: It is a part of the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group. Zapak Games operates in two categories – Game CD Toys. It is the leader in Games CD in India. It holds licenses for leading kids properties from Cartoon Network, Nick, Disney, Pogo etc as well as represents some of the leading global toy companies in India. The product distribution is across all toy stores and retail chains in the country through the traditional mom – n – pop outlets as well as large format key account stores. We had the opportunity of seeing some of these toys with Landmark outlets across the city. It acts as the merchandizing and licensing arm of Zapak Digital Entertainment Ltd. They are also in an association with Spin Master Ltd. which according to NPD is the third largest toy company in North America. Mahindra and Mahindra – Mom Me outlets across the city are operated by Mahindra which hosts educational toys for children. It also has the marketing rights for Lego brand of toys and soft toys from Disney. Some small players are: Prasid Toys Pvt Ltd. – Delhi based Little Genius Toys Ltd. (Wooden Educational Toys) Leo Plast EFFECT OF CHI NA ON I NDI AN TOY I NDUSTRY From a 2,000 players a few years ago, barely 800 survive today, it is believed that nearly 40 per cent of toy companies have shut shop since Chinese products started flooding into the Indian market. Even as the unorganized sector has been most hit, some of the other players like Mattel, Funskool (joint venture between MRF Tyres Hasbro Intl), Mahindra Intertrade (markets the Lego and Disney range of toys) and a few others are forced to fight back with a string of innovative strategies.Compared with an average Rs 35 per kg a Chinese toy maker spends, an Indian manufacturer spends Rs 65 per kilogram for raw materials. High excise duties and taxes including local taxes that vary greatly add to their woes. Indian companies have not made efforts to market their products in a planned manner and while some Indian companies are trying to combat the threat from Chinese toys by slashing prices by 10 to 15%; others are strengthening their distribution skills in smaller towns, where the reach of imported toys is still limited. KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies Research Toy Industry : Present and the Future 2010 I NDUSTRY GROWTH Finding the right niche – marketing limited to premium segment Indian consumers are gradually becoming less price sensitive, but are ready to pay for something they believe has a value proposition. They are realizing that toys help in the all round development of a child. Take the $6-billion Mattel Inc. for instance, after a runaway success with Barbie, Hot Wheels and Fisher Price, it has introduced the Harry Potter range of toys which caters to the premium segment.With its Fisher Price range, Mattel is also launching developmental activities along with toys associations, pediatricians and playschools to educate parents on how toys help the child in understanding the adult world better. Glocalization – Go Global Act Local Almost all major players, have launched an indigenous range of competitively priced soft toys range, to cater to the growing market. Mahindra Intertrade, for instance, launched Soft Wonders, to cater to the economically sensitive customers. Similarly, Mattel has launched Star Beanies for Indian market and Funskool has launched soft toys. Act Faster than the Fastest These players have also spruced up legal activities against spurious products and taken actions to make the vigilance stricter. They try to bring in designs faster than the Chinese can imitate. For instance, once the market gets flooded with fake products with Mickey or Donald motives, be it on cups, bottle, plates, tiffin boxes etc, Mahindra Intertrade would quickly launch Mickey in sportswear and shift the demand. Such marketing skills a range of strong brands have enabled them withstand the Chinese threat and allowed them to play a crucial role in growing the market. 83. 90 $84. 00 $82. 00 $80. 00 $78. 00 $76. 00 $74. 00 $80. 28 $78. 30 $77. 50 USD (Billion) 2007 2008 2009 2010 TRENDS Online Buying In 2004 when Mattel registered on Indiatimes, Rediff and Baazee, they discovered that when kids did not look for toys online, their parents (on the lookout of discounts) did. Also online shopping for toys accounted for approximately 2% of total sales, that is Rs 21. 24 crore in 2005-06. 8 KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies Research Toy Industry : Present and the Future 2010 Mall practice Malls are an undisguised blessing for the toy makers.In a mall one gets better shelf space to exhibit products, and the entire range can be displayed with the add ons which then have a good chance of being sold to the potential customers. Better sales tracking is another advantage one gets from the malls. In 2005, Mattel opened two 1,200 sq ft Barbie stores in Mumbai. Approximately 35% of the sales for Funskool and Mattel take place at the malls. Fusing Entertainment with toys Mattel has produced five movies to promote its existing range of toys, whereas Funskool, its rival has been using existing movies like batman to create a new range of toys for itself.Toys for Men Mattel has also launched toys for men. It featured models of premium cars including BMW 645 Ci, Ferrari Scaglietti; and Williams and Renault in its Hotwheels Collectibles; having a price ranging from Rs 999 to Rs 1,999. Changing Demographics Demographic variables like greater divorce rates, due to which kids get two sets of toys; increased buying power per child due to 2 income families; and increasing involvement of grandparents are all influencing the growth rate of the toys. THREATS/HI NDRANCES/CHALLENGESRaw Material Costs There is a rise in the raw material costs, due to an increase in the manufacturing costs for traditional toys Manufacturing Costs Most of the traditional toys are made from plastic resin. Petroleum, whose price is continuously increasing, is one of the main components of plastic resin. This has a negatively impact on the manufacturing costs . Changing Consumer preferences Nowadays, customers prefer electronic games to traditional table games. This trend is not beneficial for the traditional game equipment manufacturers.Revenue of the Video Games Industries and Traditional Toys ($ in billions) Industry 2004 2005 2006 2007 Video Games 9. 9 10. 5 12. 5 18. 9 Traditional Toys 22. 4 22. 2 22. 3 21. 2 9 KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies Research Toy Industry : Present and the Future 2010 In India, toys aren’t perceived as developmental. So toy manufacturers take advantage of impulse purchasing trends and the pester power of kids works in advantage for the toy manufacturers. Indian parents perceive expenditure on toys as a waste of money. Educational games like Scrabble and toys for pre-school children and infants are an exception to this belief. Impact of Recession Only when the consumers have enough disposable income to afford luxury goods, they buy toys. A struggling U. S. housing market, rising oil prices and other factors have limited their income. The toy industry was also affected by this trend, as its overall revenue decreased. Declining profits due to emphasis on product safety Product safety is another major concern of the toy industry. This was discovered when there was a rising number of product recalls in the second half of 2007.So while companies put more focus on their higher margin core brands, the positive margin implications from this shift are offset by quality and safety testing, as well as higher costs for raw materials. Competing with large brands Small manufacturers which form the bulk of the unorganized sector are unable to brand and market their products, which has been a critical disadvantage for them. With a large number of players in the market, only the international brands have a strong brand recall. Here, manufacturing competency isn’t the real concern since most of the branded players outsource their requirements from Indian manufacturers.However, lack of marketing acumen and an expertise to cultivate brands is found to be lacking in most indigenous companies. NEW STRATEGI ES Coupling toy launch with movies and vice versa Transformers, Shrek, etc Art Attack a Television series by Hit En tertainment has also entered the toy market. It showcases Do-It-Yourself arts and crafts in their videos and has now made them available in DVD formats across major stores. They also merchandise their creative works through books. Cradle catching: In 2005, Mattel entered into a partnership with diaper brand Huggies.By this move, Mattel targeted its potential audience at their birth place, and even before they were born at the maternity homes. When the mothers visit the doctor for the first time, they are given a medical file, as well as well as the information on the different phases that a child is likely to pass through as it grows which helps in selecting toys from the Fisher Price range that fits each growth phase ie. crawling, sitting, standing, etc. Within a very short period of time, they claimed to have targeted 600,000 mothers by having tie ups with 300 pediatricians and 50 gynecologists, across the top six Indian cities. Also, another innovative technique used by Mattel is a toy directory which is placed in retail outlets that informs parents about the best toy for each age group. 10 KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies ; Research Toy Industry : Present and the Future 2010 CASE ANALYSIS: TOY INDUSTRY AND BUYING TRENDS CASE #1 HAMLEY’S, PHOENIX MILLS MALL, LOWER PAREL, MUMBAI Hamleys, the world’s iconic toy maker from UK, has set up a 21000 sq ft outlet spread over three floors in Mumbai, its first branch in India through franchise agreement with Reliance Retail. The tie-up is valid for 20 years. The company plans to invest Rs. 50 crore in the next seven years to set up 20 more stores across the country, including tier-II cities. Brands – Other than Hamleys’ own-brand range of toys, imported brands such as Mattel, Hasbro, Disney, Fisher-Price , Playmobil, Leapfrog, Mecchano ,, Scalextrics, Hornby , Maisto, Burrago, and Lego are also present in the store. Segments â₠¬â€œ The shop has been divided into segments catering to infants, young boys girls, teenagers and adults. 1. It has a Barbie Doll House and Barbie Salon and Spa for young girls. 2. Grand Racing Track for RC Cars, London Double Decker Bus, Safari Jeep for young boys. 3.Petals Pods-Play area and Bear Tree House are for infant and pre-school children. 4. Science Molecules, Candy Shop, Disney Castle, Experiential gaming stations, Party rooms area are for teenagers. 5. A KodakExpress studio has a shop-in-shop strategically placed in the center of the shop to capture moments at Hamleys. Prices – The price varies from as low as Rs 200 to as high as Rs 30,000 depending upon the requirements and preferences of the customer. Most products are priced on the higher end of the spectrum keeping the affluent urban folk in mind. Age Group – It caters to infants, young boys and girls and teenagers.Board Games are popular with adults also. 11 KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies Research Toy Industry : Present and the Future 2010 MANAGERS VIEWS The shop is one of its kinds in Mumbai, since it is an exclusive ‘toys only’ outlet with all kinds of toys under one roof. The trends noted by them are that parents are more interested in buying toys and games that offer educational value to their children; and children too are more interested in games that offer intellectual stimulation. Children have moved from the traditional sports of cricket and kabaddi to gaming consoles and Scrabble.Also adults are a growing segment with them fraying towards traditional games such as Mancala – a French board game, Monopoly, and Poker – for which they buy Poker chips. Workshops are organized to engage the children and merchandise related to new films are sold every now and then to offer something new to the customers. CUSTOMERS VIEWS Customers always find it a delight to visit Hamleys since it offers so m uch variety. A few of the customers just come with their children to provide some entertainment and spend time in the shop. They appreciate the display of the store and the hygiene maintained in the store.Also, though a few products were manufactured in China, they didn’t mind buying them if they were sold in Hamleys since the name offered credibility to the product. The range and variety of toys offered by them is also unmatched. ANALYSIS COMMENTS Layout: The layout of the store is very carefully planned with the store being divided into a girls section and a boys section. Educational board games, interior decoration kits and games for adults are placed in the center of the shop. The section which caters to toys for toddlers is separate, and the floor above only houses gaming consoles, CDs and educational books.Staff: A large number of staff take care of the customers’ needs and are specially trained to provide entertainment to their most important consumers – the kids! The manager himself caters to customers and entertains all doubts and queries to help them purchase what best sui ts their requirements. Store Aesthetics and marketing: A lot of effort has been taken to enhance the visual appeal of the store through visual merchandizing and display walls. Most toys are displayed and little remote controlled cars and helicopters zoom in and around the store†¦ ome of them hovering above one’s head or new cars that stick to the walls. The store has a facility for gift wrapping their products, and children and adults alike are allowed to touch and operate various toys in the store. 12 KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies Research Toy Industry : Present and the Future 2010 CASE #2 MOTHER AND ME, R CITY MALL, GHATKOPAR, MUMBAI Mother Me is a Retail store owned by Mahindra Group, which caters to the need of Pregnant women, infants, toddlers, pre-schoolers learners. Its toys section is huge and is gaining popularity day by day.Following are the details of its toys section:Brands:-Fischer price, Funskool, Mattel, Lego, Disney V-tech Segments:-Soft toys, Wooden toys, Metal toys Plastic toys Prices:- 350 – 5000 Age Group 0 – 9 Yrs MANAGER’S VIEWS Following are the points which Store Managers told us. They prefer to keep toys of price range 350 to 5000. Mother and Me use SAP for inventory replenishment. They have kept the toys according to their type (wooden toys at one place soft toys at another place) rather than age group wise (toys for 0-5 yrs at one place). According to them toys which are able to connect to Indian traditions are highly in demand, eg.Indian Barbies. Maximum complaints they receive are against Chinese toys and toys manufactured in China. CUSTOMER’S VIEWS We received the following feedbacks from customers. Most of them buy toys once a month. Fishcer price is preferred by most of them Most of them prefer plastic toys over metal Wooden toys Most of them are not in favour of Chinese toys despite of the low of cost. Most of them were in favour of interactive toys. Some Customers stressed the need of toys, which inculcate the values necessary in human society were against the toys, which resembles the violent figures or creature.ANALYSIS COMMENTS From the information provided by store Managers feedbacks from customers we analyzed that the Toy Industry has a bright future ahead but only if it meets the challenge of providing- 13 KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies Research Toy Industry : Present and the Future 2010 Better quality Interactive toys, which not only make learning easy but also help in cultivating the val ues necessary in human society. Light weight Plastic toys as they are easy to handle more resistant to wear tear. Value for money, as most of the parents feel toys overly priced. CASE #3LANDMARK, PHOENIX MILLS MALL, LOWER PAREL, MUMBA I Landmark is a one stop destination for shopping for today’s youth. It consists of books, stationery, garments, merchandize, music, toys, movies, gaming, Technology products and other gift items. Brands -There were various brands present in the store and a few of them are as follows Mattel, Disney, Fisher-Price , Zapak and Lego are also present in the store. Segments – The shop has been divided into segments where toys for infants, young boys and girls and teenagers can be found. It also has a sports section and board game section. Prices – The price varies from as low s Rs 200 to as high as Rs 15,000 depending upon the requirements and preferences of the customer. The pricing is not exorbitant in Landmark and most of the toys are priced by keeping the Indian customer in mind. Age Group – It caters to infants, young boys and girls and teenagers. Board Games are popular with adults also. MANAGERS VIEWS Maximum profit is generated from the infant’s toy section of the store. Selling one item from the infant section is equivalent to selling 3-4 items from the others sections. Boys prefer hotwheels,cricket kit and board games and girls are still hooked onto Barbie dolls. Toys are imported from France and Germany and most of them are made in India. CUSTOMERS VIEWS Toys are ideal gifts for young children and they don’t even cost a fortune when it comes to buying them. Customers don’t mind paying for the latest and most popular toys for the kids. ANALYSIS COMMENTS Landmark has been doing a good job of catering to the growing toys market and plans to introduce more imported toys in future. The Sports goods have a prominent place in Landmark and a lot of importance has been given to the sports and board game section. 14 KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies ResearchToy Industry : Present and the Future 2010 FUTURE OF TOYS Predicting the future is never easy. The future of toys specially very difficult to predict . You never know when an old favorite toy will make a sudden resurgence into the mainstream or a new technology will bring about yet another revolution in toy technology. Generally speaking, video game consoles would predictably always rise to the top of wish lists. However, classic toys often come back to take over the lists for top toys. In recent years, we’ve seen old comic book characters and action heroes rise to the top again after being in the bottom of comic bins for years.This year’s Iron Man 2 brought back an old action favorite, and action figures and cars are available with an Iron Man twist. Other movies like Transformers have done the same. Old favorite cartoons are also being brought to the forefront. A few years ago, a new Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles movie in CGI was released, and this past year, Transformers were all the rage. It wouldn’t surprise me to see He-Man or the Thundercats rise up to become live action or CGI movies themselves. If they do, expect them to corner the toy market after the movie is released.It would also be prudent not to underestimate the power of toy fads that are still going strong even 12 years later. Pokemon first got big in 1998, and has been a huge hit with video games, playing cards, and T. V. shows ever since. It has been hard for toy manufacturers to dethrone Pokemon, because it’s such a huge hit among kids and even young adults who grew up playing the game. It’s very possible that it could last for another 12 years or more. (What do you think of Pokemon? Indeed, toy inventors are pushing the boundaries of artificial intelligence, speech synthesis, wireless communications, and networked virtual reality.What’s more, they are figuring out how to cram huge chunks of realistic graphics, dialogue, and sensory cues onto tiny, inexpensive computer chips. The toy industry is really at the mercy of technology for the limits it can go to. There are only so many interesting ways for them to reinvent dolls like Mr. Potato Head before kids are no longer interested. Dolls like Furby were a step in the right direction, but the fad did not last for very long. Technology working its way into the toys of the future will bring in a wider audience of interested kids, but it has to be directed at toys that are more than just popular, but are fun too.The future of toys is bright and exciting. Any new innovation could shape the kinds of toys kids play with. You can bet that the toys of the future are going to have something of the past, however. AUGMENTED REALI TY: JET FUEL FOR THE I MAGINATION The future of toys almost undoubtedly belongs to augmented reality. Mattel’s i-Tags, will use Augmented Reality will be included with action figures the company will make for â€Å"Titanic† director James Cameron’s blockbuster film, â€Å"Avatar. † Augmented reality is an overlay of digital information or imagery on top of real-world objects.WIKIPEDIA: Augmented Reality is a field of computer research that deals with the combination of real15 KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies ; Research Toy Industry : Present and the Future 2010 world and computer-generated data (virtual reality), where computer graphics objects are blended into real footage in real time. Think about it. The possibilities are just about endless, and could mean a whole new life for the kinds of toys that kids at first play with a lot, and then quickly abandon.By embedding special software in imagery that can be placed just about anywhere on a toy, toy makers will now have an incredibly wide range of virtual things to add to their physical toys. TOYS OF THE FUTURE ELECTRIC POP UP BOOK S Electronic Popables by Jie Qi is a pop-up book that lights up as you interact with it, producing the most beautiful and dynamic pop-up pages ever. As you begin t o go flip through the book – open pages, pull tabs, press pressure points and fold objects different LED lights will blink away on all over the page. They can be a very efficient means of connecting holistically with the technology savvy kids. HORIZON HYDROCAR TOY The hydro car is a case in point. It does not depend on batteries or electricity. Surprisingly this car produces its own energy, running entirely on water. It is not only Hydrocar’s functionality, but also its trendy, scientific design that sets it apart. SCRIBBLE BOTS Scribble Bots is just a concept at the moment, but the idea is that children can connect with their friends through the official website and share their drawings, artwork and also the artistic process.The Scribble bots toy can record and recreate movement so anyone with a scribble bot can download your drawing and their scribble bot will draw it right for them, then and there. 16 KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies ; Research Toy Industry : Present and the Future 2010 TOUCH SENSITIVE VIDEO GAMES Usually, a lot of people do not see any fun in playing with buttons and joysticks. This concept of touch sensitive games employs touch sensitive silicon that simulates the terrain in a game, empowering the users to feel their way through. No major video game manufacturers are using technology quite like this as of now, but we could How to cite Toy Industry in India, Papers

Network Mediums Essays - Signal Cables, IEEE Standards,

Network Mediums With the emergence of the Ethernet LAN (Local Area Network) introduced in the early 1970s by Xerox, the telecommunications world has welcomed this newfound gift with open arms. Since communications is such a vital aspect of all businesses these days, proper acquaintance with this marvelous technology can greatly enhance your companys productivity and efficiency. In this paper, we will reflect into the many different characteristics of media that the LANs are based upon and compare/contrast these different medias. There are basically four types of media used for Local Area Networks. The most commonly used are twisted copper pairs, Coaxial cables, Fiber Optic, and the Wireless technology. Twisted copper wire, also known, as the common telephone wire is very similar to the wires used in telephone systems. However, the twisted pair wire required for reliable data transmission is of a heavier gauge than the telephone wire. It uses 24 to 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge, www.datapro.com). The purpose of twisting the copper wires together is to minimize the interference between the two adjacent wires. Otherwise, there would be too much line noise to transfer voice or data efficiently. There are two different types of twisted pairs that are used to transmit data. The STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) and the UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair). Just like it sounds, the STP is a special kind of copper telephone wiring used in some business installations. An outer covering or a shield is added to the twisted pair acting as a ground. This process shields the twisted pair from EMI (Electro-magnetic Interference), which will disturb the data transmission greatly. The UTP is just a twisted pair w ithout the extra shielding. It just relies on the copper twists to protect it from the EMI. The twisted pairs are grades into five different categories by their data carrying ability. The 6th grade is still in the works. (Please refer to the diagram below: www.whatis.com) Category Maximum data rate Usual application CAT 1 Less than 1 Mbps Analog voice (plain old telephone service)ISDN Basic Rate InterfaceDoorbell wiring CAT 2 4 Mbps Mainly used in the IBM Cabling System for Token Ring networks CAT 3 16 Mbps Voice and data on 10BASE-T Ethernet CAT 4 20 Mbps Used in 16Mbps Token RingOtherwise not used much CAT 5 100 Mbps 100 Mbps TPDDI155 Mbps ATM As you can see, the twisted pairs can range greatly in bandwidth by the different levels of CATs. For a LAN environment, the CAT 2 and above are used because they can transmit greater amounts of data. These generally are used for Token Ring LANs except for the CAT 3, which is only supported by the Ethernet LANs. Most companies who have networks in the offices use twisted pair system to run their LAN. Using the twisted pair media for LANs is very attractive because of its low cost; mainly the UTP setup because it cost much less than the STPs and the STP cabling are far more difficult to put into walls than the UTPs. On the other hand, the risk of going with the twisted pair setup is the instability of the data flow because its susceptibility to line interference. The coaxial cabling is known as the Original LAN Media (www.datapro.com). The Coaxial cable is similar to the copper wires with the exception that one wire is braided or solid sheath that encompasses the other wire. Insulation material separates the two wires, the center wire is at high signal level, and the shield wire is at ground potential. The grounding of the outer shielding wire means that interference cannot penetrate the coaxial cable and induce noise onto the circuit. Shielded also do not radiate signals to other circuits as non-shielded circuits. The coaxial media also has two variations. The thick Ethernet, which runs on RG-8 coaxial cabling with a diameter of 0.4 and the thin Ethernet, which uses RG-58 coaxial cable with a diameter of 0.25. (www.datapro.com). Using a coaxial cable provides a much larger analog bandwidth and digital transmission speed. Also the attenuation per mile is much grater than twisted-pair circuits. Along with the added features versus the twisted pair, the coaxial cabling does cost significantly more. Fiber optic media can be considered to be the best media available for LANs.